| Instrument | Clef | Range | Sounds |
| Soprano | Treble | C4-A5 | As written. |
| Alto | Treble | F3-D5 | As written. |
| Contralto | Treble | F3-F#5 | As written. |
| Tenor | Treble Bass | C3-A4 C3-Bb4 | One octave lower in treble. As written in bass. |
| Baritone | Bass | G2-E4 | As written. |
| Bass | Bass | E2-D4 | As written. |
| Instrument | Clef | Pitch | Range | Sounds |
| Piccolo | Treble | C | D4-C7 | One octave higher than written pitch. |
| Flute | Treble | C | B3-D7 | As written. |
| Flute, Alto | Treble | G | C4-C7 | Perfect 4th lower than written. |
| Flute, Bass | Treble | C | B3-D7 | One octave lower than written. |
| Flute, Contrabass | Treble | C | B3-D7 | Two octaves lower than written. |
| Oboe | Treble | C | Bb3-A6 | As written. |
| English Horn | Treble | F | B3-G6 | Perfect 5th lower than written. |
| Clarinet | Treble | Bb A Eb | E3-C7 | Major 2nd lower than written. Minor 3rd lower than written. Minor 3rd higher than written. |
| Clarinet, Alto | Treble | Eb | E3-C7 | One octave lower than written Eb clarinet. |
| Clarinet, Bass | Treble or Bass | Bb | Eb3-G6 | One octave lower than written (treble clef) Bb clarinet. |
| Bassoon | Bass | C | Bb1-Eb5 | As written. |
| Contrabassoon | Bass | C | Bb1-C5 | One octave lower than written. |
| Saxophone, Soprano | Treble | Bb | Bb3-G6 | Major 2nd lower than written. |
| Saxophone, Tenor | Treble | Bb | Bb3-G6 | Major 9th lower than written. |
| Saxophone, Alto | Treble | Eb | Bb3-G6 | Major 6th lower than written. |
| Saxophone, Baritone | Treble | Eb | Bb3-G6 | One octave + Major 6th lower than written. |
| Saxophone, Bass | Treble | Bb | Bb3-G6 | One octave + Major 9th lower than written. |
| Instrument | Clef | Pitch | Range | Sounds |
| Cornet | Treble | C A Bb | F#3-D6 | As written. Minor 3rd lower than written. Major 2nd lower than written. |
| Trumpet | Treble | C Bb | F#3-D6 | As written. Major 2nd lower than written. |
| Trumpet, Bass | Treble | Eb | F#3-D6 | Major 6th lower than written. |
| Flugelhorn | Treble | Bb | F#3-D6 | Major 2nd lower than written. |
| French Horn | Bass | F | G1-C4 | As written. |
| Trombone, Alto | Alto | Eb | B2-A6 | As written. |
| Trombone, Tenor | Bass | Bb | E1-F5 | As written. |
| Trombone, Bass | Bass | Bb | Bb1-Bb4 | As written. |
| Euphonium | Treble Bass | Bb | Bb1-F5 | Major 9th lower in treble. As written in bass. |
| Baritone | Treble Bass | Bb | E2-Bb4 | Major 9th lower in treble. As written in bass. |
| Sousaphone | Bass | Bb | G0-C5 | As written. |
| Tuba | Bass | C Bb Eb | G0-C5 | As written. Major 2nd lower than written. Major 6th lower than written. |
| Instrument | Clef | Range | Sounds |
| Timpani | Bass | 1. C2-A2 2. F2-C3 3. Bb2-F3 4. D3-A3 | As written. |
| Xylophone | Treble | G4-C7 | One octave higher than written. |
| Marimba | Grand staff | C2-C7 | As written |
| Glockenspiel | Treble | G3-C6 | Two octaves higher than written. |
| Vibraphone | Treble | F3-F6 | As written. |
| Chimes | Treble | C4-G5 | One octave higher than written. |
| Instrument | Clef | Range | Sounds |
| Piano | Grand staff | A0-C8 | As written. |
| Celesta | Grand staff | C3-C7 | One octave higher than written. |
| Harpsichord | Grand staff | F1-F6 | As written. |
| Harmonium | Grand staff | F1-F6 | As written. |
| Organ | Grand staff | C2-C7 | As written. |
| Instrument | Clef | Range | Sounds |
| Violin | Treble | G3-A7 | As written. |
| Viola | Alto | C3-E6 | As written. |
| Cello | Bass | C2-C6 | As written. |
| Double Bass | Bass | C2-C5 | One octave lower than written. |
| Banjo | Treble | C3-A4 | As written. |
| Guitar | Treble | E3-#6 | As written. |
| Harp | Grand Staff | Cb1-G#7 | As written. |